Green Gemstones

Green gemstones, cherished for their lush and verdant hues, encompass a diverse array of mineral species. These gemstones derive their captivating green colours from various trace elements and minerals, resulting in a spectrum of shades ranging from delicate pastels to deep, rich greens.

Emerald, a variety of beryl, stands as one of the most renowned green gemstones, celebrated for its intense green colouration, often associated with luxury and sophistication. Jade, revered in many cultures, is prized for its vibrant green shades and cultural significance.

Peridot, with its vivid lime-green brilliance, is another beloved green gemstone, while green sapphire and tourmaline showcase an enticing palette of green hues. Dioptase, notable for its vibrant emerald-like green, is treasured for its intense colour and captivating appearance.

Green gemstones not only captivate with their colour but also carry unique symbolism, often representing renewal, growth, and harmony. Whether adorning jewellery or admired in their natural forms, green gemstones continue to enchant with their captivating shades and timeless allure.

Click below to learn more about that species.

Amber, a mesmerizing gemstone with a history that spans millennia, derives its name from the Arabic term "anbar." This fossilized resin, often referred to as "nature's time capsule", originates from ancient trees and carries within it the stories of the prehistoric world.

Comprising primarily carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, amber's chemical composition has an organic nature, setting it apart from most gemstones. It is appreciated for its warm, golden to reddish-brown hues, often enhanced by captivating inclusions.

Amber's geological journey begins as resin exudes from ancient coniferous trees. Over millions of years, this resin solidifies and eventually washes into water bodies, where it may be shaped by ocean currents into the gemstone we treasure today.

One of amber's most intriguing qualities is its ability to preserve ancient organisms, such as insects, within its translucent depths. This property has made it a valuable resource for palaeontologists and a cherished gemstone for jewellery designers, connecting us to Earth's distant past in a truly unique way.

Beryl, a gemstone species renowned for its dazzling diversity, derives its name from the Greek word "beryllos," signifying a precious blue-green stone. With a mineral composition of beryllium aluminium cyclosilicate, beryl encompasses a remarkable array of colours, each with its unique gemstone variety.

Originating from various corners of the globe, notable beryl deposits are found in Brazil, Colombia, Madagascar, and Afghanistan, among others. Its geological formation typically occurs in pegmatite veins within metamorphic rocks.

One of the most intriguing aspects of beryl is its stunning colour range, including the lush green of emerald, the serene blue of aquamarine, and the delicate pink of morganite. Additionally, beryl exhibits exceptional durability, making it a favoured choice for gemstone enthusiasts and jewellery designers alike.

Notably, emerald, the green variety of beryl, has held an esteemed place in history as a symbol of rebirth and fertility. Its allure continues to captivate, ensuring beryl's prominence in the world of fine gemstones.

Chrysoberyl, a captivating gemstone with a name rooted in Greek, combines "chrysos" meaning golden and "beryllos" signifying a type of precious stone. This aptly named gemstone is renowned for its lustrous brilliance and remarkable durability.

Chemically composed of beryllium aluminium oxide, chrysoberyl is distinct from other beryl gemstones like emerald and aquamarine. Its striking green or yellow hues, characterized by exceptional clarity, have made it a cherished choice in jewellery for centuries.

Chrysoberyl's geological origins can be traced to metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits, with notable sources including Brazil, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. Its resilience, often compared to sapphire, has earned it a reputation as one of the world's hardest gemstones.

One of the most fascinating features of chrysoberyl is its unique optical phenomenon known as cat's-eye or chatoyancy, where a luminous band appears to glide across the surface when the gemstone is cut en cabochon. This captivating effect adds to the gem's allure and continues to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and collectors alike.

Corundum, an illustrious gemstone species, derives its name from the Tamil word "kurundam," signifying a deep blue or sapphire. As one of the hardest minerals on Earth, corundum has earned its reputation for enduring beauty and remarkable durability.

Chemically composed of aluminium oxide, corundum is best known for its wide range of colours, including the fiery red of ruby and the serene blue of sapphire. These brilliant hues are a result of trace elements like chromium, iron, and titanium within its crystal structure.

Geologically, corundum typically forms in metamorphic and igneous rocks, while alluvial deposits can also yield gem-quality specimens. Notable sources include Burma (Myanmar), Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

Corundum boasts several remarkable attributes, including its status as the September birthstone and its association with qualities like love, courage, and protection in various cultures. Its presence in history, as both a treasured gem and a symbol of strength, continues to enchant gemstone aficionados and jewellery connoisseurs around the world.

Cubic Zirconia, often abbreviated as CZ, is a synthetic gemstone that has gained popularity as a brilliant and affordable alternative to natural diamonds. Its name stems from its crystal structure, which is cubic in nature, closely resembling the crystal lattice of diamond.

Cubic Zirconia is created in laboratories through a meticulous process that involves melting zirconium oxide and yttrium oxide at extremely high temperatures and then cooling it to form colourless, flawless crystals. This synthetic gemstone can also be crafted in various colours by adding trace elements to the crystal mixture.

While it is not found in nature, the appeal of Cubic Zirconia lies in its diamond-like sparkle and affordability, making it a popular choice for jewellery, particularly as a diamond simulant. Its introduction in the 1970s revolutionized the gemstone market, offering an accessible option for those seeking brilliant, sparkly jewellery without the cost associated with natural diamonds.

Diamonds, often called "the king of gemstones," derive their name from the Greek word "adamas," which means unconquerable or indestructible. Composed of pure carbon, diamonds are the hardest known natural material on Earth, making them a symbol of enduring strength.

Diamonds form deep within the Earth's mantle under high pressure and temperature conditions. Volcanic eruptions carry these precious gems to the surface, where they are discovered in kimberlite and lamproite pipes.

The chemical composition of diamonds is simple yet remarkable—each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with surrounding carbon atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement.

Apart from their exquisite beauty, diamonds possess unique properties. They disperse light into a dazzling display of colours known as fire, and their hardness makes them ideal for cutting and polishing other gemstones.

Interestingly, diamonds are not just a symbol of love but also have practical uses, such as in industrial cutting and drilling tools. These multifaceted gems continue to capture hearts and minds, representing rarity, resilience, and eternal beauty.

Dioptase, a captivating gemstone with its name derived from the Greek words "dia" (through) and "optima" (vision), alludes to its stunning green colour and visual allure. This rare gem is composed of copper silicate and is renowned for its vibrant emerald-like hue.

Dioptase is primarily found in desert regions with copper deposits, including Kazakhstan, Namibia, and parts of the southwestern United States. Its formation typically occurs in the oxidized zones of copper ore deposits, where it develops into exquisite green crystals.

One of Dioptase's most captivating attributes is its remarkable transparency, allowing light to create a mesmerizing play of colour within its depths. Due to its relative scarcity, Dioptase is highly sought after by gemstone collectors and jewellery enthusiasts, adding a unique and vivid touch of green to the world of gemstones.

Fluorite, a mesmerizing gemstone known for its wide range of brilliant colours, owes its name to the Latin word "fluere," meaning "to flow." This moniker is a nod to its historical use as a flux in metallurgy, aiding in the flow of molten metals during smelting processes.

Chemically, fluorite is a calcium fluoride mineral that forms in a cubic crystal system. It is renowned for its stunning variety of colours, which can include shades of purple, green, blue, yellow, and more. These colours result from different trace elements present during its formation.

Fluorite typically occurs in hydrothermal veins and is often associated with minerals like quartz and calcite. Its striking fluorescence under ultraviolet light is a distinctive feature, earning it a place in fluorescent mineral collections.

One interesting property of fluorite is its use in optical devices due to its low dispersion, which minimizes colour aberration. It is also used as a source of fluorine in various industrial applications. Whether appreciated for its aesthetic beauty or utilitarian purposes, fluorite continues to captivate gemstone enthusiasts and mineral collectors worldwide.

Jadeite, a captivating and highly-prized gemstone, draws its name from the Spanish phrase "piedra de ijada," meaning "stone for the pain in the side." This name hails from the belief that jadeite could cure ailments when held against the side. Composed of sodium and aluminium silicate, jadeite is one of two distinct mineral species known as "jade," with the other being nephrite.

Geologically, jadeite forms in high-pressure, low-temperature environments, often within subduction zones where tectonic plates collide. Notable sources include Myanmar, Guatemala, and Japan, with Burmese jadeite being particularly renowned for its exquisite quality and vibrant green colour.

What distinguishes jadeite is its stunning translucence, vivid green hues, and its highly sought-after imperial jadeite variety, known for its deep green shade. It has a rich cultural history, especially in East Asia, where it symbolizes purity, harmony, and longevity. Jadeite's exquisite beauty and cultural significance continue to make it a cherished gemstone worldwide.

Oligoclase, an elegant and lesser-known gemstone, takes its name from the Greek words "oligo," meaning few, and "klasis," referring to cleavage, signifying its limited tendency to cleave. This feldspar mineral, commonly associated with sunstone, is composed of sodium and aluminium silicate.

Oligoclase's geological origins are tied to igneous and metamorphic rocks, where it forms as a constituent mineral. Notable sources include Norway, Madagascar, and the United States.

What distinguishes oligoclase, including the sunstone variety, is its delicate play of colours, often displaying a shimmering optical effect known as aventurescence. This optical phenomenon creates a soft, ethereal glow, which is highly prized and admired in the world of gemstones.

Oligoclase, although less renowned than some of its gemstone counterparts, possesses a unique charm, combining its captivating name with its rarity and distinctive optical qualities. This makes it a gemstone of intrigue for collectors and connoisseurs of fine gems, especially for those who appreciate the allure of sunstone-like adularescence.

Olivine, a captivating gemstone known for its vibrant green hues, derives its name from its olive-green to yellowish-green coloration. This mineral, composed of iron, magnesium, and silicate, belongs to the nesosilicate group.

Olivine's geological origins are primarily associated with igneous rocks, especially those in the mantle of the Earth. It forms as a result of high-temperature processes and is often found in volcanic basalt rocks and meteorites. Notable sources include regions with volcanic activity, such as Hawaii and the Canary Islands.

Peridot, a gem-quality olivine, has a distinctive green colour and is highly regarded for its use in jewellery. It is one of the few gemstones that come in only one colour—varying shades of green, from yellowish-green to deep, rich green.

Olivine has a unique history, being found in meteorites and some lunar samples, emphasizing its extra-terrestrial presence. Additionally, olivine's connection to volcanic activity and its place in the Earth's mantle make it a fascinating gemstone in the world of geology and mineralogy.

Opal, a gemstone celebrated for its kaleidoscope of colours, derives its name from the Latin word "opalus," meaning "precious stone." This moniker aptly captures the enchanting allure of opals, which are composed of hydrated silicon dioxide.

Opals form through a unique geological process involving the percolation of silica-rich water into cavities in sedimentary rocks. Over time, as this water evaporates, it leaves behind tiny spheres that diffract light, creating the mesmerising play of colours known as "opalescence." This optical phenomenon is what makes opals so captivating.

Notably, opals are found in various regions, with Australia being a primary source, including the famous Lightning Ridge and Coober Pedy deposits. Ethiopia and Mexico also yield opals of exceptional beauty.

One fascinating fact about opals is that they can display a stunning range of colours, from milky white and fiery red to deep blue and vibrant green. This gemstone has long been associated with magic and mystery and continues to captivate gem enthusiasts with its unique charm.

Orthoclase, a captivating gemstone known for its delicate, shimmering appearance, owes its name to the Greek words "orthos" (straight) and "klasis" (break), referring to its tendency to cleave along distinct, right-angled planes when subjected to pressure or impact. This intriguing member of the feldspar mineral group is primarily composed of potassium aluminium silicate.

Orthoclase's geological origins are tied to igneous rocks, particularly granite, where it forms as a primary mineral. It also appears in pegmatite deposits alongside other valuable gemstones. Notable sources include Madagascar, Brazil, and the United States.

One of the most fascinating aspects of orthoclase is its optical effect known as adularescence, a shimmering, bluish-white glow that appears to float beneath the gem's surface. This ethereal phenomenon adds to its allure and is highly prized among gemstone enthusiasts.

Orthoclase's captivating play of light, combined with its intriguing name and unique optical properties, has cemented its status as a gemstone of subtle elegance and timeless charm.

Pearl, a gem of timeless elegance, derives its name from the Old French word "perle," which evolved from the Latin "perna," meaning "leg," referring to the leg-shaped bivalve mollusc that often produces pearls. Unlike other gemstones, pearls are organic in nature, formed within the soft tissue of certain molluscs.

The chemistry of pearls is primarily composed of calcium carbonate, in the form of aragonite and calcite crystals, layered in concentric rings. These layers create the iridescent lustre that pearls are known for.

Pearls are created through a fascinating process when an irritant, such as a grain of sand, invades the mollusc's shell. In response, the mollusc secretes layers of nacre around the irritant, gradually forming the pearl.

Notably, pearls can be found in both freshwater and saltwater molluscs, with famous sources including the Persian Gulf, the South Pacific, and China. Their unique formation, coupled with their timeless beauty, has made pearls symbols of purity and grace throughout history.

Quartz, a versatile and abundant gemstone, owes its name to the ancient German word "querklufterz," which referred to cross-vein ore. Composed of silicon dioxide, quartz is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth, and its varieties showcase a dazzling spectrum of colours.

Quartz's geological origins are diverse, as it forms in a wide range of environments. It can be found in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. Quartz crystals often grow in cavities within these rocks, producing magnificent specimens known for their clarity and sparkle.

What sets quartz apart is its vast diversity, including popular varieties like amethyst, citrine, and rose quartz, each displaying unique colours due to different trace elements. Quartz also exhibits piezoelectric properties, meaning it generates an electrical charge when mechanical stress is applied, a characteristic harnessed in numerous electronic applications.

Quartz's ubiquity, coupled with its striking variations and its role in modern technology, makes it a gemstone of both scientific and aesthetic significance, admired for its beauty and versatility alike.

Sphalerite, a gemstone with a name originating from the Greek word "sphaleros," meaning treacherous or deceiving, has a fascinating history and chemistry. This mineral, composed of zinc sulphide, often exhibits a range of colours, including shades of brown, yellow, green, and red.

Sphalerite's geological origins are closely tied to hydrothermal and sedimentary processes. It commonly forms in association with metallic ore deposits and is found in various locations worldwide, including the United States, Spain, and Peru.

What distinguishes sphalerite is its unique property of variable transparency. Depending on its iron content, sphalerite can be transparent, translucent, or opaque. Its exceptional dispersion, often higher than that of diamond, contributes to its fiery brilliance when properly cut and polished.

Notably, sphalerite has a complex crystal structure, leading to an interesting phenomenon called "twinning," where crystals appear to be intergrown or mirrored. This gemstone's intricate chemistry and optical properties continue to captivate mineral enthusiasts and collectors worldwide.

Spinel, a captivating gemstone, takes its name from the Latin word "spinella," meaning "little thorn" or "spark." Composed of magnesium aluminium oxide, spinel boasts a brilliant range of colours, from deep reds and blues to vibrant pinks and purples.

Spinel's geological origins are closely associated with marble and limestone formations, often occurring as octahedral crystals within these rocks. Notable sources include Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Tanzania.

What sets spinel apart is its exceptional hardness and durability, ranking 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a superb choice for jewellery. Throughout history, spinel has often been mistaken for other gemstones, including rubies and sapphires, due to its vivid colours.

One fascinating fact about spinel is its use in royal jewellery, including the "Black Prince's Ruby" in the British Imperial State Crown. This gemstone's rich history, stunning colours, and impressive properties continue to make it a highly sought-after and cherished gem in the world of fine jewellery and gemology.

Spodumene, a remarkable gemstone known for its distinctive prismatic crystals, derives its name from the Greek word "spodumenos," which means "burnt to ashes." Composed of lithium aluminium inosilicate, spodumene occurs in a range of colours, including green, pink, and the sought-after violet variety known as kunzite.

Spodumene's geological origins are closely tied to lithium-rich granite pegmatites, where it forms as elongated crystals. Notable sources include Afghanistan, Brazil, and the United States.

What distinguishes spodumene is its notable dichroism, meaning it displays different colours when viewed from different angles. Kunzite, the pink to violet variety, is particularly prized for its delicate hue.

One fascinating fact about spodumene is its significance in the production of lithium, a vital component in batteries for electronic devices and electric vehicles. Beyond its industrial importance, spodumene's aesthetic appeal and unique optical properties continue to make it a cherished gemstone among collectors and gem enthusiasts alike.

Topaz, a captivating gemstone, draws its name from the ancient Sanskrit word "tapas," signifying fire. Composed of aluminium fluorosilicate, topaz displays a diverse range of natural colours, including golden yellows, blues, pinks, and colourless varieties.

Geologically, topaz forms in granite and rhyolite rocks, typically appearing as prismatic crystals within cavities and fissures. Notable sources of topaz include Brazil, Sri Lanka, and the United States.

What distinguishes topaz is its remarkable hardness, ranking 8 on the Mohs scale, which makes it a durable and highly suitable gemstone for various jewellery applications. Blue topaz, often heat-treated to enhance its colour, has become particularly popular as an affordable alternative to other blue gemstones.

One fascinating fact about topaz is its historical significance as a symbol of love and affection. Its rich history, diverse natural colours, and enduring popularity continue to make it a highly sought-after gemstone in the world of jewellery and gem collecting.

Tourmaline, a mesmerising gemstone, derives its name from the Sinhalese word "turamali," meaning "stone with mixed colours." Comprising a complex borosilicate mineral group, tourmaline showcases a remarkable array of colours, making it a favourite among gem enthusiasts and collectors.

Geologically, tourmaline forms in a variety of environments, including granite and pegmatite rocks. Notable sources include Brazil, Madagascar, and Afghanistan, each yielding unique colour varieties.

What sets tourmaline apart is its exceptional range of colours, often displaying bi-coloured or tri-coloured crystals. Tourmalines are renowned for their intricate internal growth structures, which can create striking cat's-eye and watermelon-like patterns when cut and polished.

One interesting fact about tourmaline is its unique property of pyroelectricity, meaning it can generate an electrical charge when heated or subjected to pressure changes. This property has led to its use in scientific instruments and mineralogical studies. With its vibrant hues and fascinating properties, tourmaline continues to captivate gem connoisseurs worldwide.

Turquoise, a captivating gemstone with a name that pays homage to its origins, derives from the French word "turquois," meaning "Turkish stone." Composed of hydrated copper and aluminium phosphate, turquoise showcases a distinctive blue-green hue that has been cherished for centuries.

Geologically, turquoise forms in arid regions where water interacts with copper deposits, leading to the creation of this enchanting gemstone. Notable sources include the United States, Mexico, and Iran, each offering unique shades and qualities.

What distinguishes turquoise is its vivid colour, often associated with the vibrant landscapes of the American Southwest. This gemstone has a rich history, revered by ancient cultures for its protective and healing properties.

One interesting fact about turquoise is its role as a symbol of friendship and good fortune. It is often used in jewellery and amulets to bestow positive energy and blessings upon the wearer. With its captivating hue and cultural significance, turquoise remains a cherished gemstone worldwide.

Zircon, a captivating gemstone, derives its name from the Arabic word "zargun," meaning "golden-coloured." Composed primarily of zirconium silicate, zircon showcases a brilliant range of colours, including fiery reds, vibrant blues, and dazzling greens.

Geologically, zircon forms in a variety of environments, including igneous rocks and sedimentary deposits. Notable sources include Sri Lanka, Australia, and Brazil, each yielding distinctive colour varieties.

What distinguishes zircon is its remarkable dispersion, a quality that disperses light into a spectrum of vibrant flashes, earning it the nickname "earth's most sparkly gem." This dispersion, even higher than that of diamond, adds to its fiery brilliance when properly cut and polished.

One fascinating fact about zircon is its use in dating geological samples, as it contains trace amounts of radioactive isotopes that decay over time, allowing scientists to determine the age of the Earth's crust. Beyond its scientific importance, zircon's dazzling beauty continues to make it a cherished gemstone among collectors and connoisseurs worldwide.